十字军东征是由西欧基督徒策划和实施的军事远征。十字军东征开始于1095年左右。的
这些十字架的目的是超越并获得穆斯林的圣地。神圣的土地是耶路撒冷，基督徒相信对它的控制是他们的命运。教皇将聚集在一起并煽动他们。十字军害的起源是中东地区扩大土耳其人的结果。这些土耳其军队侵犯了基督徒帝国的拜占庭。十字军是一个民兵，派出来恢复他们认为是他们的东西。第一个十字军事基本上由教皇城市二世开始。1095年11月27日，他聚集了他的追随者在法国克莱蒙市的克莱朗市。他向这些人传讲并告诉他们需要采取的行动。作为回应，人们欢呼并计划他们的攻击。 Urban II brought together all of the bishops and urged them to talk to their friends and fellow villagers and to encourage them to participate in the crusades. Small groups started to form and each group would be self- directing. All the groups planned their own ways to the Constantinople, where they would meet and regroup. They would attack the Turkish forces in Constantinople and hope to regain control of the city. The large Christian armies talked to Alexius I Comnenus, the Byzantium emperor, and agreed to return any of his old land that was recaptured. The armies were skeptical of this demand but agreed anyway. The first attack by the crusaders was on Anatolian, the Turkish capital. Meanwhile the Byzantians were also trying to recapture Anatolian, and later that year, the city surrendered to the Byzantians instead of the crusaders.
拜拜迪人正在使用十字军的典当，以实现自己的目标。十字军再次见面并粉碎了土耳其军队。十字军的胜利得到了伟大的胜利，推动了部队的道德。十字军捕获的安提阿，并举行了救济力量，送到了帮助土耳其人。然后十字军队搬到了他们的主要目标 - 耶路撒冷！这座城市遭到埃及控制，严重守卫。十字军制造围攻机，呼吁增援，终于强迫埃及人投降。这个城市中的每个人都屠杀了前持有人的血液净化它。十字军人保守了这个城市，为下一代左右，并带来了人们居住圣地。慢慢地，穆斯林部队开始重建，很快就回来了拿走圣地。 After the defeat of the Egyptians in Jerusalem, the crusaders started to colonize. The Latin colonists set up four states: Tripoli, which was on the Syrian coast, Antioch, centered near the Orontes Valley, Edessa, a far east state which held most of the Christians, and the Latin Kingdom of Jerusalem, the most powerful and centered between the other three states. The crusaders’ strategy during the first crusade was to isolate the Muslims and Egyptians, and to cut off any supplies or reinforcements from strengthening their status. Once the original generation of crusaders died, their children were not as determined. They forgot about the Muslims that had escaped, and because of that, the Muslims had a new leader and were regaining power. Under their leader, Imad ad-Din, the Muslims regrouped and planned their attack against the colonies. After the passing of Imad ad-Din, a new radical leader emerged-Zangi. Zangi led his troops to a victory against the crusaders and their colonies by capturing the state of Edessa. The Muslims destroyed the Christians churches, buildings, and killed the crusaders. Back home, the Pope saw what was happening and declared a second crusade to recapture the territory that had been lost. King Louis VII, from France, set out to meet Conrad III army. The Holy Roman Emperor, Conrad III, set out from Germany and soon met up with Louis’ men. With their armies, they left from their homeland to meet in Jerusalem. Conrad’s army began their voyage, only to be ambushed. Afterwards, their supplies and cavalry were drastically depleted. The better half of the French army reached Jerusalem and met up with the small remains of the Germans and the old crusaders. Together they ventured to Damascus, but failed to take the city and were badly defeated. The French army and king had had enough and returned home. The small remnants of the Germans stayed with the colonies, along with the old crusaders. Slowly but surely, the states the crusaders had set up were systematically being destroyed. The failure of the second crusade brought on the third crusade. The Muslims had
他任命了一位新领导人努尔丁，他重新组织了穆斯林，并激励他们夺回他们认为属于自己的东西。几年后，他们的领袖去世，军事领袖萨拉丁继任。1187年，萨拉丁率领他的军队重新夺回耶路撒冷。7月，他在加利利击溃了十字军前线部队。萨拉丁随后带领他的军队穿过耶路撒冷地区，最终在10月初占领了耶路撒冷。这导致教皇格里高利八世开始第三次十字军东征。西方国家的人民知道，一劳永逸地打败穆斯林的时候到了。参加十字军东征的人包括罗马皇帝弗莱迪克一世;法国国王菲利普二世;以及英国的理查一世。 These forces were thought to be one of the most powerful armies assembled during the middle ages. Again, this crusade suffered misfortune.
在耶路撒冷的旅程中，罗马皇帝去世了，他的军队陪同身体回家埋葬。即使是Richard和Frederick的剩余军队的规模，它们也无法重新夺回耶路撒冷。当军队留下耶路撒冷及其周边地区回家时，他们没有完成他们的目标。由于以下任何十字架都不是成功甚至重要的，因此对他们而言并不多。后来的十字军号也为基督徒提供了几乎没有任何东西，因此很多时间和金钱都浪费在他们身上。它建立了一个例程，从而为他们的生活进行了结构。在第二个或第三次十字军划线结束时，普通民众对教皇和国王的缺乏缺乏结果来生气。款项以最少的回报筹备了十字军害。第一个十字军事为其他十字架设置了一个很好的例子，但下一个十字军人并没有遵循相同的路径。后来的Crusades缺乏组织。 No one wanted to provide leadership due to the uncertain outcome. Leadership demonstrated in later years was from Stephen and Nicholas in the Children’s Crusade, however unfortunately young children were used in combat. This was a reflection of the moral character or lack of it, in their leaders and subsequently contributed to their failure.
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